Mu 2005, Loni yemeye ihame rizwi nka Responsibility to Protect (R2P), bisobanuye “Inshingano yo Kurinda.” Ryari ishyiramwaho ry’isezerano rikomeye: ko isi itazongera kwicara idakora mu gihe haba Jenoside, ibyaha by’intambara cyangwa isukurwa ry’amoko. Iri sezerano ryakomotse ku mubabaro wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubwo abasaga miliyoni biciwe mu maso y’isi yose irebera.
Ariko hafi imyaka makumyabiri nyuma, iri sezerano riri gusenyukira mu karere nyirizina ryaturukiyemo.
Mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, urugomo rurasubiye mu buryo bw’igisandara. Muri Ituri, inyeshyamba za ADF zikomeje guteza ubwoba abaturage. Muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, FDLR n’indi mitwe irenga 260 ikorera aho ntawe uyihagaritse. Ubu muri Uvira, indi mitwe mishya yitwa Wazalendo—yahawe intwaro kandi ishyigikiwe na Leta ya Kongo—iraregwa kugaba ibitero bigamije kwica no guheza Abatutsi.
Ibi si ibikorwa by’akajagari bisanzwe. Ni ibimenyetso bigaragara by’akaga gashobora kuzongera kuzamura intambara mu Rwanda, Uganda no mu Burundi, bigateza intambara z’akarere Afurika itakwihanganira.
Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari kari mu gihirahiro, kandi ibimenyetso by’amahenebere byarakongeye.
R2P ryari rigamije kwemeza ko iyo leta inaniwe kurinda abaturage bayo, umuryango mpuzamahanga ugomba kubibazwa. Ryavugaga ko ubutware bwa Leta butagomba kuba urwitwazo rwo gukora ubwicanyi ndengakamere.
Ariko muri Kongo—igihugu cy’umunyamuryango wa Loni—Leta ntirwanya abica abaturage b’inzirakarengane, ahubwo rimwe na rimwe ibashyigikira. Abanyamahanga na bo bagarukiye mu magambo gusa no mu maganya, nk’aho ibibera aho ari ibintu by’aho kure, atari umuriro uri ku muryango wabo.
R2P yavukiye mu Rwanda. Ese izapfira mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari?
Ubundi ubwicanyi ndengakamere ntibutangira ku manywa y’ihangu. Buzanwa n’ibimenyetso bibanziriza—amagambo y’urwango, gushinja abantu ibinyoma, kwica abantu ku bw’amoko cyangwa ku buryo bwihariye. Ubwicanyi bw’i Ituri ndetse n’akarengane Abatutsi bakorerwa muri Masisi, Minembwe na Uvira, bigomba gufatwa nk’amaso yaka, atari nk’ibintu byoroheje.
Iyo ibimenyetso nk’ibi byirengagijwe, igisubizo kiba ari icyorezo cy’ubundi bwicanyi bukomeye, impunzi nyinshi, n’ikindi gihe cyo guhemukira indangagaciro abahanzi b’ubwigenge nka Patrice Lumumba na Julius Nyerere barwaniriye: agaciro, ubumwe n’ubuzima budatewe ubwoba.
Ku rwego rwa Loni, Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe, n’ibihugu by’akarere, Ibiyaga Bigari si intambara zisanzwe. Ni ikizamini cy’ukuri. Niba R2P itashyirwa mu bikorwa mu karere yavukiyemo, nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, izashyirwa he?
Kwirengera mu gihe nk’iki si ukuri, ni ugufatanya n’abicanyi. Bivuga kandi isomo rikomeye ku isi: ko R2P atari ihame rikomeye ahubwo ari interuro irimo ubusa.
Ariko ntabwo biratinda.
Leta zishyigikira cyangwa zirebera ihohoterwa zigomba kubibazwa, binyuze mu bihano, iperereza cyangwa guhagarikirwa inkunga.
Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe n’ibihugu by’Ibiyaga Bigari bigomba gufatanya mu guha agaciro ubuzima bw’abaturage kurusha inyungu za politiki. Umuryango mpuzamahanga nawo ugomba kuva mu by’amagambo gusa, ugahindukirira gukumira ibibazo hakiri kare—binashoboka binyuze mu biganiro, ubwiyunge no gusangira amakuru ashobora guhagarika urugomo rutaraba Jenoside.
R2P si ukubona gusa ingabo zoherejwe. Ku mutima wacyo, ni ugukumira ibibazo hakiri kare, kumva ibimenyetso by’imbere, no kwanga ko ubutware bw’igihugu bukoreshwa nk’uruhushya rwo gukora ubwicanyi.
“Ntibizongere” cyangwa “Bizongere?”
Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari kari ku nkengero y’icuraburindi.
Isi igomba guhitamo: gukorera hamwe ubu, cyangwa kwicara ireba isezerano rya “Ntibizongere” rihinduka “Bizongere.”
Responsibility to Protect yavukiye mu mubabaro w’u Rwanda. Niramuka ipfiriye muri Kongo, si Afurika gusa izishyura igiciro, ahubwo ni n’isi yose izatakaza umurongo wayo w’indangagaciro.
Ni igihe cyo gukora ubu, mbere y’uko impuruza z’uyu munsi ziba imihango y’ejo.
