Iminsi 10 ya nyuma y’ukwezi kwa Nzeri 1990, ibumbatiye ipfundo ryatumye hatangizwa urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu kuko muri icyo gihe guhera ku wa 20 Nzeri, ari bwo Maj Gen Fred Rwigema yimukiye mu buryo buhoraho mu nzu ye yari i Kampala, mu rwego rwo kwitegura neza kubera ko inzira zindi zose z’amahoro zari zanze, hagafatwa umwanzuro wa nyuma w’urugamba wiswe “Option Z.”
Hari hashize ibinyacumi by’imyaka, Abanyarwanda bari mu buhungiro babayeho mu gihirahiro, baratataniye hirya no hino muri Uganda no mu bindi bihugu byo mu karere, bategereje kuzasubira mu gihugu cyabo bamwe batigeze baca iryera na rimwe kuva bavuka.
Benshi muri bo bari barafashije Yoweri Kaguta Museveni kugera ku butegetsi bwa Uganda mu 1986 binyuze binyuze mu ntambara y’ishyamba aho bari bahuriye mu gisirikare cya National Resistance Army (NRA).
Museveni ageze ku butegetsi, Abanyarwanda bari mu gisirikare cye bakomeje kukibamo no kugikorera, ariko imbere mu mitima yabo bahoranaga amajwi abibutsa ko ari impunzi bo n’imiryango yabo yari mu nkambi kure ya gakondo zabo, kandi ntacyo ibya dipolomasi bitanga ngo babashe gutaha mu gihugu cy’abakurambere babo.
Inzozi zo kubohora u Rwanda zifite imizi mu bantu babiri babaye inshuti z’inkoramutima kuva mu buto bwabo ari bo Paul Kagame na Fred Gisa Rwigema. Ibihe by’ubuto bwabo mu buhungiro, byaranzwe no kumara umwanya munini hafi y’abakuru bababarira inkuru z’Inyenzi, umwe mu mitwe yo kwirwanaho no kubohora igihugu yabayeho mbere muri Afurika.
Izo nkuru zo mu bwana no kumva ubutwari bw’Inyenzi zabayeho mu myaka ya 1960, zabaye umusemburo w’ubushake bwabo bwo kuzakabya inzozi zo kugira igihugu, ibyanabaye intandaro ikomeye yo kwinjira mu gisirikare cya Uganda bakakigiriramo amapeti akomeye.
Kuva ubwo, ntibongeye gutekereza ibyo gufasha undi muntu kugera ku butegetsi, ibitekerezo byabo hamwe n’abandi Banyarwanda bari mu buhungiro, byabaye gutaha iwabo mu nzira z’amahoro zose zishoboka, byakwanga n’ubundi buryo bugakoreshwa.
Byose byakozwe mu ibanga rikomeye
Nk’uko bigaragazwa na John Burton Kegel mu gitabo yise The Struggle for Liberation: War and Militarism in African History, icyemezo cya nyuma cyo gutangiza urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu cyafashwe muri Nzeri 1990 ndetse umunsi nyirizina wo wemejwe hasigaye iminsi itagera kuri ibiri kuko byanzuwe ku wa 29 Nzeri 1990, ijoro rikurikiyeho batangira urugendo rugana i Kagitumba ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda.
Icyo gihe, urwikekwe rwari rwinshi mu gisirikare cya Uganda kuko abashinzwe iperereza muri NRA batangiye gushakira amakuru hasi no hejuru kuko batashiraga amakenga bamwe mu basirikare, bavuga ko bashobora kuba hari ibanga bafitanye n’abantu bo muri FPR-Inkotanyi kandi iyo bimenyekana ko ari ko biri, umugambi wari kuba upfubye nta kirakorwa.
Urugo rwa Rwigema i Kampala iyo minsi ni rwo rwiyambajwe nk’ahantu h’ibanga ho kunogerezwamo umugambi.
Hagerwaga n’abasirikare bake b’abizerwa muri ya minsi 10 isoza Nzeri kandi byose bigakorwa mu masaha akuze y’ijoro.
Cyari ikizira kwandika ibiganiriweho mu nama, gufata amajwi cyangwa ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyasiga uburari inyuma. Ijambo rukumbi ryo gusohokana mu nama ryari rimwe: “Uhore witeguye ko isaha n’isaha twagenda.”
Umwe mu bari muri ibyo biganiro by’ibanga yari Major Sam Kaka, wari ukuriye ishami rishinzwe imyitwarire muri NRA akanaba mu bizerwaga na Rwigema.
Kaka yazengurukaga igihugu cyose yitwikiriye umutaka w’inshingano yari afite, bikamubera uburyo bwiza bwo kugeza ubutumwa ku basirikare b’Abanyarwanda bari mu mitwe itandukanye ya NRA nk’abari i Bihanda bari bayobowe na Theogene Bagire, ab’i Mbarara bari bayobowe na Charles Musitu n’abandi bari muri Batayo ya 129 bayobowe na Cyzia. Ubutumwa yabahaga bwari bumwe kandi ari bugufi ariko bubumbatiye byose,… “Igihe kiregereje.”
Ku wa 29 Nzeri, itariki ntakuka yaremejwe ibyabarirwaga mu bihe bitazwi bitangira kubarwa mu masaha.
Igisirikare cyubakiwe mu kindi bucece
Igisirikare cya RPA cyashingiye ku bwizerane kurusha ibyo kubaho mu buryo bugaragarira amaso. Bari bitwikiriye imyambaro y’igisirikare cya NRA ariko imitima yabo yari yambaye mukotanyi. Gukusanya abajya ku rugamba byagombaga gukorwa mu ibanga rikomeye.
Umwanditsi Kegel agaragaza ko itsinda ry’ingabo rya mbere rya RPA ryabayeho, ryari rigizwe n’abasirikare bari bayobowe na Major Sam Kaka, cyane ko hafi ya bose bari Abanyarwanda.
Abandi babarirwa mu 100 biyunze kuri bo, ni abavuye mu mutwe udasanzwe w’abari bashinzwe kurinda Perezida Museveni, bari barangajwe imbere na Charles Muhire na Charles Ngoga. Abandi basaga 300 baje bava muri Burigade ya 31 yakoreraga rwagati mu mujyi wa Kampala.
Bagendaga bitwaje bike bishoboka nk’imbunda, amasasu, inkweto n’ibyo kurya bike. Bari banafite intwaro nke zikomeye nk’izihanura indege, za Katyusha n’izindi bavanye mu bubiko bw’intwaro bwari ahitwa Bombo. Ntubabaze za burende n’izindi modoka za gisirikare, ubushake ni cyo cyari icyita rusange kuri abo basirikare bose.
Ku mugoroba wa tariki 30 Nzeri, Rwigema yatanze amabwiriza ya nyuma.
Urugendo rwatangiye igicuku kiniha
Saa 2:30 z’ijoro rishyira ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, imodoka zigizwe na za bisi nto, amakamyo, imodoka z’abantu ku giti cyabo zatiriwe; zatangiye gusohoka mu mihanda ya Kampala.
Abasirikare bayobowe na Kaka ni bo bafashe iya mbere mu rwego rwo kuza kuvana inzitizi abandi bahurira na yo mu rugendo. Buri wese wahagurutse i Kampala yari azi ko gufatwa bingana no kwicwa wagirirwa imbabazi ugafungwa, icyakora nta n’umwe wasubiye inyuma.
Maj Gen Fred Rwigema ku cyombo we n’itsinda bari kumwe, bari baryamiye amajanja ijoro ryose kugira ngo bumve ko nta wo muri NRA wamaze gutahura ko hari abasirikare baburiwe irengero.
Bidatinze baje kumva ubutumwa ku cyombo; bwari buvuye mu biro bya Perezida wa Uganda bugira buti: “Ntimugire ubwoba, niba ari Fred ugiye n’abasirikare be, ntabwo bagiye kuturwanya. Ndakeka ko ari gusubira iwabo.”
Uwohereje ubwo butumwa ntiyamenyekanye kuko icyo gihe Perezida Museveni yari yari hanze y’igihugu, mu nama y’Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yaberaga muri Amerika, icyakora ubwo butumwa bwatumye urugendo rukomeza nta nkomyi kugera ku mupaka.
Basesesekaye i Kagitumba mu museso
Saa yine za mu gitondo cyo ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, aba mbere bari basesekaye ku mupaka wa Kagitumba ku mugezi wa Muvumba. Ikibaya cyaho cyari kigitwikiriwe n’igihu. Abasirikare ba Habyarimana bari hakurya y’umupaka ku burinzi, ntibatahuye ko amateka agiye kubahindukiraho.
Mbere yo kwambuka, abasirikare ba RPA barahagaze, bikuraho ibirango bya Uganda n’amapeti bari bafite yose, babisiga ku ruhande rwo hakurya. Umwanditsi Kegel avuga ko icyo gikorwa cyari kigamije kugaragaza ko uru rugamba atari urwo Uganda igabye ku Rwanda, ahubwo kwari ugutahuka kw’Abanyarwanda bimwe ubwo burenganzira.
Binjiye mu Rwanda batameze nk’abagabye igitero, bari nk’abana basubiye iwabo mu rugo.
Ku wa 2 Ukwakira, Maj Gen Fred Rwigema yarasiwe i Nyabwishongwezi aricwa.
Gukorera mu ibanga cyane byateye bamwe kuba mu gihirahiro
Intsinzi y’i Kagitumba yazanye ibyishimo ariko iteza n’urujijo kuri bamwe. RPA yari imaze kwigaragaza, icyakora ntiyari yaba igisirikare nk’uko bimenyerewe kubera ko abasirikare bazaga mu matsinda atandukanye, bamwe batazi ikigiye gukurikiraho cyangwa ngo bamenye uwo guhanga amaso.
Kubera uko kuza baturutse mu bice bitandukanye bya Uganda, byabaye ngombwa ko abasirikare bakuru barimo Kaka, Steven Ndugute n’abandi, bihutira gushyiraho uburyo bw’amategeko.
Hashyizweho batayo enye z’agateganyo ziyobowe na Chris Bunyenyezi, Steven Ndugute, Adam Wasswa, na Sam Kaka.
Kubera gukora mu buryo bw’ibanga cyane, byatumye bazahazwa n’uruhuri rw’ibibazo birimo inzara, batangira kwiyambaza abaturage mu bice bageragamo, ariko bagasiga babandikiye urwandiko rw’amasezerano ko nyuma y’urugamba bazabibishyura.
Icyizere n’umurava byabafashije gucuma iminsi
Ikibatsi cy’umuriro w’icyizere n’umurava byabarutiraga cyane icyabatera ubwoba cyose. Bapangaga gahunda y’umunsi ugiye gukurikiraho kandi intego ikomeye buri gihe yari “Songa Mbele”, bakinjira imbere mu gihugu, bagafata Gabiro, Camp Mutara, na Nyagatare mbere y’uko ingabo za Leta zongera kwisuganya. Abasirikare ba RPA bakomezwaga n’icyizere kurusha intwaro, bizera ko umurava no kutazuyaza mu byo bakora, bizabahesha ibyo baburaga byose ku rugamba.
Nubwo intangiriro z’urugamba rwo kwibohora zaranzwe n’ibibazo bikomeye birimo urupfu rwa Maj. Gen. Fred Rwigema ku munsi wa kabiri; urugendo rwo kubohora u Rwanda ntirwahagaze.
Nyuma y’iminsi mike rutangijwe, Maj. Paul Kagame yavuye mu masomo ya gisirikare muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu rugendo rutari rworoshye, asubiza ibintu mu murongo ndetse anazana uburyo bushya bw’imirwanire, bituma abasirikare bagarura icyizere.
Kuva ubwo, morale yongeye kuba yose mu basirikare kugeza ubwo batsindaga urugamba rwasojwe no guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Intsinzi ya FPR-Inkotanyi n’ingabo zari ziyishamikiyeho za RPA, byabaye intango yo kongera kubaka bushya u Rwanda rwari rwarahinduwe umuyonga, kongera kugarura ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, gukira ibikomere no gutangira urugendo rw’iterambere rihuriweho na bose.
