Ubwanditsi: Ibikubiye muri iyi nkuru ni ibitekerezo bwite bya Dr. QU Dongyu, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi (FAO).
Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wahariwe ibiribwa w’uyu mwaka, usobanuye imyaka 80 ishize hashinzwe Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi (FAO), rifite inshingano yo guharanira ko abantu bose babaho badafite inzara.
Uyu munsi, abantu 8,2 mu bantu 100, usanga batabasha kubona ibyo kurya bihagije mu buryo buhoraho. Usubije amaso inyuma mu 1946, ubona ko icyo gihe bibiri bya gatatu by’abatuye isi bari babayeho mu bice bigoye kubona ibyo kurya nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwa FAO mu mezi yakurikiye ishingwa ryayo. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mu 2025, umubare w’abari batuye Isi muri iyo myaka ikabakaba 80 ishize, ubu bamaze kwikuba inshuro zirenga eshatu, Isi ikaba ibasha kubona umusaruro uhagije ku buryo nta wasigara atagezweho n’ibyo kurya.
Mu gihe dutekereza kuri uyu munsi n’imbogamizi twahuye na zo n’izo tugihura na zo, binsubiza inyuma nkibuka icyigeze kuvugwa mu mwanzuro wa raporo imwe twigeze gukora ugira uti “Tugomba guhitamo hagati yo gukomeza kugana imbere cyangwa gusubira inyuma.”
FAO n’ibihugu by’abanyamuryango byayo byagize byinshi bigeraho: guca burundu indwara y’amatungo ya rinderpest, gushyiraho amabwiriza mpuzamahanga y’ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa (Codex Alimentarius), gutuma umusaruro w’umuceri wiyongera inshuro eshatu kuva mu myaka ya 1940, gushyiraho amasezerano mpuzamahanga arebana n’uburobyi n’ibimera, gutangiza uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru hakiri kare ku ndwara z’ibimera n’amatungo, gushinga urubuga mpuzamahanga rw’amakuru ku masoko y’ubuhinzi, ndetse no guteza imbere ingamba z’imirire zigarukira ku kurwanya igwingira n’ibidukikije byangizwa n’imirire mibi.
Ubwo icyorezo cy’inzige zo mu butayu, desert locust outbreak cyateraga mu 2019; bigahumira ku mirari ubwo hakubitiragamo icyorezo cya COVID-19; byatumye hakoreshwa amafaranga angana na miliyoni 231 z’amadolari ya Amerika ngo icyo cyorezo cy’inzige gihagarikwe. Ibi byafashije mu kwirinda igihombo cy’agera kuri miliyari 1,77 y’amadolari, bituma n’abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 40 bo mu bihugu 10 bitandukanye, babasha kubona ibyo kurya bihagije.
Turashimira cyane abanyamuryango bacu batumye ibyo byose bigerwaho bakiyumvamo ko Isi izira inzara ari yo nziza kuri buri wese, yaba umukire, umukene uwo mu majyepfo n’uwo mu majyaruguru. Ibyagezweho byose bigaragaza ko bishoboka mu gihe ibihugu bisangiye ibitekerezo n’uburyo buhari, abayobozi bakiyemeza kandi ubufatanye bugashyirwa ku isonga.
Ni ingenzi cyane gukomeza gukorera hamwe nk’uko twabigenje mu myaka 80 ishize. Uyu munsi umuntu yavuga ko hariho umurongo mwiza w’uruhererekane rw’ibiribwa hirya no hino ku Isi kurusha uko byari bimeze mu bihe byatambutse; aho ubu nibura kimwe cya gatanu cy’ibiribwa ku Isi, bibanza kwambutswa imipaka y’ibihugu mbere y’uko biribwa.
Ubu ikibazo cy’ingutu gihari ni icy’ihindagurika ry’ibihe, udukoko n’ibyorezo byangiza ibihingwa, ihungabana ry’ubukungu n’amakimbirane n’intambara z’urudaca hirya no hino ku Isi atuma umutekano w’ibiribwa urushaho kugana ahabi, bigakoma mu nkokora iterambere rigamije kurwanya imirire mibi no kurandura inzara. Uyu munsi ibicurane by’ibiguruka bikomeje gukwirakwira henshi, nkongwa mu myaka n’inzige usanga zona imyaka mu bihugu bitandukanye, ukabona ko nta gihugu ubwacyo cyashobora kubirwanya byose hatabayeho ubufatanye. Hakenewe gukorera hamwe inzara ikaganzwa maze umutekano w’ibiribwa ukaganza.
Dukwiriye kuzirikana no kumenya neza ko abarenga miliyari bakora mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi bafite ibikenewe byose n’ubushobozi busabwa ngo babashe guhangana n’ibibazo byose bahura na byo byatuma tutagerwaho n’ibyo kurya.
Dufite ikoranabuhanga rikenewe, tukagira amikoro faranga ashoboka, hamwe na politiki zishyirwaho zikenewe tutibagiwe n’ubumenyi bwa ngombwa kugira ngo intego yo kurandura inzara igerweho. Gukora ibishoboka abantu bakagira amasoko bakanayakoresha, ni ingenzi cyane kuko bifasha mu kugabanya kubogama no kuba ibyo kurya byagera ahantu hose babikeneye kurusha ahandi.
Kugira ngo bigerweho, hakenewe ko abantu babona imbuto nziza zo guhinga no mu bihe by’impeshyi, amategeko agenga uburobyi n’ikoreshwa ry’ibiti, amahame agenga imikoreshereze y’ibihingwa, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’uburyo bwiza bw’imicungire y’ibihari no kugena uburyo butuma ibibazo bitahurwa hakiri kare.
Dufite igenamigambi ryo kwihutisha ibikorwa byacu kandi FAO mu mikorere ya buri munsi ifasha mu kubona ibikenewe mu gushora imari aho abantu bacyugarijwe cyane n’ubukene n’inzara kandi ubuhinzi ni inkingi ishobora kwaguka no kubishyiraho iherezo. Gahunda ya FAO izwi nka One Country One Priority Product iteza imbere ibihingwa by’umwihariko mu bihugu bitandukanye hagamijwe kubaka uruhererekane rw’ibiribwa rufatika ngo ubuzima mu cyaro burusheho kuba bwiza. Gahunda y’ubuhahirane izwi nka South-South and Triangular Cooperation ifasha mu guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’ibihugu mu gusangira ibitekerezo, gukorana mu gushora imari kubera ko byinshi muri byo bifite uruhare rukomeye mu bukungu n’iterambere ry’Isi.
Gahunda ya Digital Villages yo ifasha abahinzi bo hirya no hino ku Isi gukoresha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga, bagahabwa uburyo bwiza bwo kugera ku masoko binyuze kuri murandasi no kuziba ibyuho bikiboneka mu ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga. Ibihugu 20 bikize kurusha ibindi ku Isi bihuriye mu muryango ugamije kurandura inzara n’ubukene bihuzwa no gufatanya n’abafatanyabikorwa hagamijwe ishoramari rirandura inzara rikanagabanya ubukene ku Isi. Izi gahunda hamwe n’ibindi bikorwa byose, bitanga umusaruro iyo bikozwe mu buryo bwiza, bikarushaho kugenda neza iyo bishyizwe mu ngiro biciye mu mucyo.
Muri FAO, icyerekezo cyacu gikubiye muri iyi miyoboro ine izwi nka “Uburyo Bwiza Bune” (Four Betters): Umusaruro Mwiza, aho abahinzi babasha kongera umusaruro bakoresheje amikoro make; hari kandi Imirire Myiza, aho gufata ifunguro ryiza bifite ireme kurusha kurya byinshi; Hari Ibidukikije Bitekanye, hagamijwe kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’inyungu bifite; hakaba N’ubuzima Bwiza kuri bose, kugira ngo abatuye mu cyaro babashe kubaka ubwiyubahe n’amahirwe. Icyerekezo cyacu muri iyi miyoboro ine gishimangira ko nta n’umwe usigazwa inyuma.
Turamutse tudahisemo gukomeza gukurikiza izi ntego, twakwisanga twasubiye inyuma. Na nyuma y’imyaka 80 inzara iracyahari kandi si ko bikwiriye kumera. Dufatanyije gukorera ku ntego yacu isobanutse, dushobora kandi tugomba gukomeza gutera imbere. Nidukomeza imikoranire, tuzagera ku nzozi zo kurandura inzara twubaka ahazaza buri wese abasha kubona ifunguro rihagije.
