Umwuka w’intambara ikomeye ukomeje gushyuha mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ku buryo isaha n’isaha cyangwa umunsi ku munsi ingabo z’iki gihugu (FARDC) n’umutwe witwaje intwaro wa M23 bishobora kuyisubukura, ikaba yanagira ubukana burenze ubwa mbere.
M23 na FARDC bishinjanya kurenga ku gahenge, ari na ko birahirira gusubizanya imbaraga mu gihe byashotorwa. Aya magambo aherekezwa n’imyiteguro mu rwego rwa gisirikare binyuze mu myitozo, kongera umubare w’abasirikare cyangwa abarwanyi n’intwaro.
Ibi byose biba mu gihe Leta ya Qatar ikomeje gukora ibishoboka kugira ngo yumvikanishe impande zombi, nubwo ingengabihe yari yarihaye yamaze kurenga kuko byari byarateganyijwe ko amasezerano y’amahoro azasinywa bitarenze tariki ya 18 Kanama 2025, gusa ibyo biracyari kure.
Ku rubuga rw’intambara, byitwa ko nta mirwano ihari ariko M23 n’imitwe igize ihuriro Wazalendo rishyigikiwe na Leta ya RDC bikozanyaho umunsi ku wundi. Ihuriro ry’ingabo za Leta kandi rikomeje kugaba ibitero ku basivili barimo Abanyamulenge mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Umwuka uri mu burasirazuba bwa RDC uca amarenga ko hari ibintu bine bishobora kuba mu gihe cya vuba. Ni byo tugiye gusobanura muri iyi nkuru.
Kwikura mu biganiro kwa Tshisekedi
Umunyarwanda yaravuze ati “Ibitinze birabora”. Kuba umusaruro wa gahunda ya Doha itinda si ikintu cyiza ahubwo ni ikimenyetso cy’uko kumvikanisha impande zombi byakomeje kunanirana nyuma y’aho amahame yashyizweho umukono tariki ya 19 Nyakanga atubahirijwe.
Aya mahame yagombaga kubahirizwa bitarenze tariki ya 29 Nyakanga, impande zombi zikajya mu biganiro by’amahoro biyashingiyeho bitarenze tariki 8 Kanama, hanyuma amasezerano y’amahoro agasinywa ariko iyo ngengabihe yose yarapfuye.
M23 ishinja Leta ya RDC gukomeza kugaba ibitero ku basivili no ku birindiro byayo, kandi ko yanze kurekura imfungwa zayo 700 nyamara yari yaremeye ko izazirekura mbere y’uko ibiganiro by’amahoro bitangira. Yagaragaje ko nta mpamvu yaba ifite yo kujya mu biganiro mu gihe aya mahame atubahirizwa.
Imyitwarire y’ubutegetsi bwa RDC ikwiye kwibutsa abantu byinshi, kuko inshuro zose bwagendaga biguru ntege mu kubahiriza imyanzuro yafatiwe mu biganiro by’amahoro, bwabaga bugana mu kubivamo burundu. Ibyo ni ko byagenze mu mpera za 2022 ubwo bwavaga mu biganiro bya Nairobi.
Mu nama Perezida Tshisekedi yagiranye n’abanyamuryango b’ihuriro Union Sacrée riri ku butegetsi bwa RDC tariki ya 30 Kanama, yavuze ko Abanye-Congo badakeneye umuhuza kugira ngo baganire, kandi ko abafashe intwaro badakwiye kujya mu mishyikirano. Byari bisobanuye ko hari ikindi agamije muri gahunda ya Doha.
Yagize ati “Abanye-Congo ntibakeneye umuhuza kugira ngo baganire, ntibagomba gufata intwaro kugira ngo bahangane mbere yo kujya mu biganiro. Abanye-Congo bagaragaje ko bagendera kuri demokarasi, baganira ku bwa demokarasi n’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko mu gihugu cyabo.”
Umuvugizi wa M23, Lawrence Kanyuka, ubwo yari muri Afurika y’Epfo tariki ya 4 Nzeri, yagaragaje ko Tshisekedi ashaka intambara gusa. Ati “Yavugaga ko yafunze amarembo y’ibiganiro byose, ashaka intambara. Ibi ni byo yahoze avuga kuva mu ntangiriro.”
M23 yafata indi mijyi ikomeye
Kugeza muri Kamena 2025, M23 yagenzuraga ubutaka bwo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare ibihumbi 34. Harimo ibice by’ingenzi nk’umujyi wa Goma mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’umujyi wa Bukavu mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Bigaragara ko mu gihe ingabo za RDC, iz’u Burundi, FDLR, Wazalendo n’abacancuro byagaba ibitero ku birindiro bya M23, intambara yakaza umurego, bikaba byahatira abarwanyi b’uyu mutwe gufata ibindi bice birimo umujyi wa Uvira usanzwe ari ibirindiro bikomeye bya Leta.
Umugaba Mukuru wa M23, Gen Maj Sultani Makenga, tariki ya 2 Nzeri yabwiye abanyamuryango bashya bari bamaze ibyumweru bibiri mu mahugurwa ko yifuza ko amahugurwa ataha yazabera mu yindi mijyi ikomeye irimo Kisangani mu ntara ya Tshopo, Kalemie muri Tanganyika na Kindu muri Maniema.
Yagize ati “Iki gihugu cyarasenyutse, gikeneye kubohorwa kandi kubohora iki gihugu bisaba imbaraga. Nk’umuryango turishimye ariko tuzishima kurushaho ubwo ubutaha tuzaba dutangira aya mahugurwa i Kisangani, Kindu na Kalemie.”
Nubwo mu mahame ya M23 hatarimo kugaba ibitero, ishimangira ko igihe cyose izaba itewe cyangwa umutekano w’Abanye-Congo ugakomeza guhungabana, izakomeza intambara kugeza i Kinshasa, ikureho ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Tshisekedi.
Ishyano ku ngabo z’u Burundi
Ingabo z’u Burundi ziri mu ntambara yo kurwanya M23 kuva mu 2023 ubwo Guverinoma ya Gitega n’iya Kinshasa zagiranaga amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare. Gusa ubu bufatanye nta kinini bwagezeho kuko abasirikare b’ibi bihugu batsindiwe hamwe, bahungira muri Uvira no mu bice byegeranye.
Mu gihe intambara yaba mu bice nka Uvira, ntiyakoroha na mba kuko hakoreshwa imbaraga nyinshi mu kubungabunga ibirindiro bya buri ruhande no gushaka gufata ibindi bice, abayirwana bakiyongera mu buryo butabayeho mbere, ibikoresho byifashishwa na byo bikiyongera kuko bimaze igihe bitegurwa.
Umudepite Justin Bitakwira ushyigikira ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Tshisekedi, ku wa 17 Nzeri yatangarije i Kinshasa ko Uvira ibaye ifashwe, mu masaha atagera kuri 24 abarwanyi ba M23 baba bafashe umujyi wa Kolwezi mu ntara ya Lualaba.
Bitakwira ukomoka muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo yagize ati “Uyu munsi Uvira iramutse ifashwe, ikibazo cyo muri RDC cyaba kimeze gite? Mu masaha atagera kuri 24 inyeshyamba zaba ziri muri Kolwezi. Kolwezi ni ubukungu bukomeye bw’iki gihugu.”
Mu gihe M23 yashobora kwinjira muri Uvira zikanayifata, ingabo z’u Burundi zihakorera nta yandi mahitamo zaba zifite keretse guhungira i Bujumbura kuko ntizishobora kwishora mu muriro wo hagati muri RDC, kure y’igihugu cyazo.
Si ubwa mbere ingabo z’u Burundi zaba zihunze, kuko muri Mutarama na bwo zakuwe mu bice byose zagenzuraga muri teritwari ya Masisi, zimanuka muri Minova na ho zihava abarwanyi ba M23 baratahagera, zijya i Bukavu na byo biranga, zigera muri Uvira.
Tshisekedi yakotswa igitutu
Umuryango mpuzamahanga ugaragaza ko amakimbirane yo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC yakemurwa n’ibiganiro bya politiki, ariko Perezida Tshisekedi we yizera ko imbaraga z’igisirikare ari zo zamusubiza ibice yambuwe na M23.
Tshisekedi niyongera kumva mu biganiro by’amahoro, agasubukura intambara, azaba afite ibyago byo gutsindwa nk’uko byabaye ubushize, ingabo ze zamburwe ibindi bice byinshi, kandi ibyo nibiba, amahanga azongera amwotse igitutu cyinshi kugira ngo ayoboke inzira ya politiki.
Kubera igitutu cyo kwamburwa ibice, Tshisekedi nta yandi mahitamo yazaba afite keretse kwemera gusubira mu biganiro by’amahoro nubwo ku mutima azaba agifite akangononwa.
Ubwo umujyi wa Goma na Bukavu yari imaze gufatwa n’abarwanyi ba M23. Icyo gihe amahanga yamenyesheje Tshisekedi ko nta yandi mahitamo keretse guca bugufi, yemera kohereza intumwa mu biganiro i Washington na Doha.
Icyo gihe Tshisekedi yari yararahiye ko atazaganira na M23, kuko yayitaga umutwe w’iterabwoba, asobanura ko kuganira na wo ari umurongo utukura adashobora kurenga.
